{"id":334,"date":"2025-09-01T06:33:43","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T06:33:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laurabanu.ro\/?p=334"},"modified":"2025-09-01T19:03:20","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T19:03:20","slug":"laura-banu-%ce%ad%cf%80%ce%bb%cf%85%ce%bc%ce%b1-%cf%87%cf%81%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%82-spalarea-banilor-prin-institutiile-bancare-si-infractiunile-inteligente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laurabanu.ro\/el\/laura-banu-%ce%ad%cf%80%ce%bb%cf%85%ce%bc%ce%b1-%cf%87%cf%81%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%82-spalarea-banilor-prin-institutiile-bancare-si-infractiunile-inteligente\/","title":{"rendered":"Laura Banu-\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2-SP\u0102LAREA BANILOR prin institu\u021biile bancare \u0219i \u201dInfrac\u021biunile inteligente\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u039e\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

SPALAREA BANILOR prin institu\u021biile bancare \u0219i \u201dInfrac\u021biunile inteligente\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Sp\u0103larea banilor este o activitate ilicit\u0103 prin care o persoan\u0103 sau un gup de persoane, \u00eencearc\u0103 sa ascund\u0103 provenien\u021ba\/originea si posesia reala a veniturilor ob\u021binute din activit\u0103\u021bi ilegale, de regul\u0103 trafic de droguri, trafic de arme, contraband\u0103, bancrut\u0103 frauduloas\u0103 sau \u00een\u0219el\u0103ciune \u00een domeniul financiar-bancar, prostitu\u021bie, trafic de persoane.De\u0219i din aceste infrac\u021biuni rezult\u0103 foarte mul\u021bi bani infractorii nu vor putere a folosi banii f\u0103r\u0103 a risca s\u0103 fie prin\u0219i, astfel c\u0103 vor c\u0103uta o cale aparent legal\u0103 pentru a ascunde sau disimula natura ilicit\u0103 a c\u00e2\u0219tigurilor lor \u015fi a le insera in circuitul financiar legal. Scopul \u201dsp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor\u201d este acela de a permite infractorilor men\u021binerea controlului asupra acestor venituri,  <\/span>oferind o aparenta de legalitate pentru sursa lor de venit. Deci sp\u0103larea banilor este un proces prin care se d\u0103 o aparen\u021b\u0103 de legalitate unor venituri ob\u021binute ilegal de c\u0103tre infractori care, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi compromi\u0219i, beneficiaz\u0103 ulterior de sumele ob\u021binute. Este un proces dinamic, \u00een trei etape, care necesit\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd: mi\u0219carea fondurilor ob\u021binute \u00een mod direct din infrac\u021biuni; \u00een al doilea r\u00e2nd :ascunderea urmelor banilor pentru a se evita orice tip de investiga\u021bie; \u00een al treilea r\u00e2nd; disponibilizarea banilor pentru infractori, f\u0103r\u0103 a se putea depista originea fondurilor \u0219i nici locul unde au fost ob\u021binute veniturile ilegale.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

GHIDUL DE TRANZACTII SUSPECTE
<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, infractorii vor c\u0103uta c\u0103i legale de introducere a numerarului \u00een sistemul financiar. Opera\u021biunile bancare tradi\u021bionale de constituire a depozitelor, sau de transfer al banilor \u015fi sistemele de creditare ofer\u0103 un mecanism vital pentru sp\u0103larea banilor.<\/span>Procesul de sp\u0103lare a banilor se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een trei etape care pot cuprinde numeroase tranzac\u021bii efectuate de sp\u0103l\u0103torii de bani, respectiv:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Plasarea:<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

– reprezint\u0103 deplasarea fizica a veniturilor ob\u021binute din activitatea ilegala, pentru separarea spa\u021biala de masa infrac\u021bional\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Stratificarea:<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

–  <\/span>reprezint\u0103 procesul de mi\u0219care a banilor intre diferite conturi pentru a le ascunde originea;<\/span><\/p>\n

– separarea
veniturilor ilicite de sursa lor prin crearea unor straturi complexe de tranzac\u021bii financiare proiectate pentru a \u00een\u0219ela organele de control \u015fi pentru a asigura anonimatul.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Integrarea:<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

–  <\/span>revenirea banilor astfel sp\u0103la\u021bi la dispozi\u021bia infractorilor, cu aparenta provenien\u021bei lor din activit\u0103\u021bi licite <\/span><\/p>\n

– furnizarea unei aparente legalit\u0103\u021bi a profiturilor ob\u021binute ilegal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 procesul de stratificare are succes, schemele de integrare vor trimite din nou banii ob\u021binu\u021bi ilegal, circuitul economic, \u00een a\u015fa fel \u00eenc\u00e2t banii vor reintra \u00een sistemul financiar ap\u0103r\u00e2nd ca fonduri normale \u015fi \u201ecurate\u201d ob\u021binute din activit\u0103\u021bi comerciale. Cei trei pa\u015fi de baz\u0103 se pot constitui \u00een faze separate \u015fi distincte. Ei pot ap\u0103rea \u00eens\u0103 \u015fi
simultan sau, mai obi\u0219nuit, se pot suprapune. Felul \u00een care sunt folosi\u021bi pa\u0219ii de baz\u0103 depinde de mecanismele de sp\u0103lare disponibile \u0219i de cerin\u021bele organiza\u021biilor criminale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nu exist\u0103 o singur\u0103 metod\u0103 de sp\u0103lare a banilor. Metodele pot varia de la cump\u0103rarea \u015fi vinderea unui obiect de lux (de ex. o ma\u0219in\u0103 sau o bijuterie) p\u00e2n\u0103 la trecerea banilor printr-o re\u021bea complex\u0103 interna\u021bional\u0103, de afaceri legale \u015fi prin companii \u201escoic\u0103\u201d (companii care exist\u0103 numai ca persoane juridice legale f\u0103r\u0103 a de\u021bine activit\u0103\u021bi comerciale sau a desf\u0103\u0219ura afaceri). Ini\u021bial, \u00een cazul traficului de droguri sau altor infrac\u021biuni cum ar fi contrabanda, furtul, \u0219antajul etc., fondurile rezultate iau \u00een mod curent forma banilor lichizi care trebuie s\u0103 fie introdu\u0219i prinorice metod\u0103 \u00een sistemul financiar. Institu\u021biile bancare efectueaz\u0103 audituri prin trimiterea de circulare \u0219i instruc\u021biuni interne clare
func\u021bionarilor b\u0103ncii. Astfel c\u0103, infractorii vor g\u0103si metode din ce \u00een ce mai ingenioase de a ascunde provenien\u021ba banilor iar organele de cercetare vor trebui s\u0103 caute metode noi \u0219i inteligente de depistare rapid\u0103 \u0219i blocare a acestor proceduri ilegale. U\u0219or de spus, greu de realizat. Deoarece sp\u0103larea banilor vizeaz\u0103 banii ob\u021binu\u021bi \u00een numerar care trebuie inclu\u0219i \u00een circuitul civil \u0219i justificat\u0103 provenien\u021ba lor, principala m\u0103sur\u0103 adoptat\u0103 de statele UE este de a limita cuantumul depunerilor \u0219i tranzac\u021biilor \u00een numerar \u0219i de a impune b\u0103ncilor \u0219i altor autorit\u0103\u021bi obliga\u021bia de a raporta orice depuneri care dep\u0103\u0219esc un anumit cuantum. Institu\u021biile bancare realizeaz\u0103 controale prin transmiterea de circulare \u0219i instruc\u021biuni interne clare c\u0103tre func\u021bionarii bancari. Dar aceste m\u0103suri las\u0103 loc unui alt tip de infrac\u021biuni care au luat amploare \u00een ultimii ani, infrac\u021biunile informatice, prin care sunt sparte conturile bancare, sunt efectuate transferuri \u0219i furturi de bani, \u00een moduri at\u00e2t de ingenioase \u00eenc\u00e2t de multe ori infractorii nu sunt depista\u021bi. Aceste infrac\u021biuni pe care eu le voi numi \u201dinfrac\u021biuni inteligente\u201d deoarece necesit\u0103 persoane foarte inteligente \u0219i cu studii superioare la nivel informatic\/cibernetic, economic, sunt mult mai greu de depistat \u0219i limitat dec\u00e2t cele de sp\u0103lare a banilor care utilizau metodele tradi\u021bionale. <\/span><\/p>\n

Deci am reu\u0219it s\u0103 limit\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 izol\u0103m un tip de infrac\u021biuni \u201dtradi\u021bionale\u201d dar din nevoia de g\u0103si c\u0103i ingenioase de  <\/span>a ob\u021bine venituri ilegale, s-a dezvoltat un nou tip de \u201dinfrac\u021biuni inteligente\u201e care risc\u0103 s\u0103 produc\u0103 un dezechilibru semnificativ asupra \u00eentregului sistem financiar – economic mondial. Toate opera\u021biunile financiare-economice sunt \u00een str\u00e2ns\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103, de la cea mai nesemnificativ\u0103 opera\u021biune la cea mai complex\u0103, astfel c\u0103 o mic\u0103 ruptur\u0103 \u00een aceasta re\u021bea de fire invizibile \u00een aparen\u021b\u0103, va produce un mare dezechilibru \u00een sistemul financiar bancar mondial. \u00cen 2020 Comisia European\u0103 a adoptat un plan de ac\u021biune al UE privind prevenirea sp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor \u0219i a finan\u021b\u0103rii terorismului, care include m\u0103suri pe care le va lua pentru o mai bun\u0103 aplicare, supraveghere \u0219i coordonare a normelor relevante ale UE. Concomitent, a publicat o metod\u0103 pentru identificarea \u021b\u0103rilor din afara UE cu risc ridicat cu deficien\u021be \u00een cadrul regimului lor de combatere a sp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor \u0219i a finan\u021b\u0103rii terorismului, care prezint\u0103 o amenin\u021bare semnificativ\u0103 la adresa sistemului financiar al UE.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reglementare legal\u0103: <\/span>Legea nr. 129\/2019 pentru prevenirea \u0219i combaterea sp\u0103l\u0103riibanilor \u0219i finan\u021b\u0103rii terorismului, precum \u0219i pentru modificarea \u0219i completarea
unor acte normative, care cuprinde inclusiv modific\u0103rile aduse prin OUG nr.123\/2022<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Lege pentru aprobarea Ordonan\u021bei de urgen\u021b\u0103 a Guvernului nr. 53\/2022 privind modificarea \u0219i completarea Legii nr. 129\/2019 pentru prevenirea \u0219i combaterea sp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor \u0219i finan\u021b\u0103rii terorismului, precum \u0219i pentru modificarea \u0219i completarea unor acte normative<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Ordin nr. 191 \/ 28.06.2023 privind aprobarea formei \u0219i con\u021binutului rapoartelor prev\u0103zute la art. 6 \u0219i 7 din Legea nr. 129\/2019 pentru prevenirea \u0219i combaterea sp\u0103l\u0103rii banilor \u0219i finan\u021b\u0103rii terorismului, precum \u0219i pentru modificarea \u0219i completarea unor acte normative \u0219i a metodologiei de transmitere a acestora<\/span><\/a>
<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.onpcsb.ro\/ro\/a\/126\/legislatie<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/RO\/legal-content\/glossary\/money-laundering.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Articol adaptat din legisla\u021bia UE de practicianul \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103 Laura Banu, fiind protejat de drepturi de autor.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>\u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u0395 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 <\/span>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 <\/span>Laura Banu
<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u039e\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 SPALAREA BANILOR prin institu\u021biile bancare \u0219i \u201dInfrac\u021biunile inteligente\u201d Sp\u0103larea banilor este o activitate ilicit\u0103 prin care o persoan\u0103 sau un gup de persoane, \u00eencearc\u0103 sa ascund\u0103 provenien\u021ba\/originea si posesia reala a veniturilor ob\u021binute din activit\u0103\u021bi ilegale, de regul\u0103 trafic de droguri, trafic de arme, contraband\u0103, bancrut\u0103 frauduloas\u0103 sau \u00een\u0219el\u0103ciune \u00een domeniul financiar-bancar, prostitu\u021bie, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\nLaura 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